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The measurement database, published

Every table below is generated from the live database on our own properties, with the number of answers behind it, the engines and the frozen question sets. JSON and CSV for each. Terms in the tables, such as graded, named rate, cited rate, grounded and share of voice, are defined in the glossary. Licensed CC BY 4.0: use it, link it, say where it came from. Rows dated 8 and 10 August 2026 came through a retired third-party feed whose engine list included Google AI Overviews. Every other row is our own rig, which probes ChatGPT, Claude and Perplexity only: without web search on 21 and 22 July 2026, and with it from 15 August 2026. Page generated 2026-09-21. How these numbers are made →

Totals

JSONCSV

Answers read and graded, measurements run, properties measured and changes shipped and logged, across our own properties.

430 answers · Perplexity, AI Overviews, ChatGPT, Claude · question sets (fingerprints) 5ed18f79, d2375f12, 6d084be7 · generated 2026-09-21

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metricvalue
answers_graded430
measurements6
properties3
changes_logged14

Income Lab (Pepform Pty Ltd). "Totals". https://incomelab.me/data#totals. Accessed 2026-09-21. Licensed CC BY 4.0.

Named rate vs cited rate, per measurement

JSONCSV

For each published own-property measurement: the rate at which the brand is NAMED in the answer text and the rate at which its own domain is among the CITED sources. The two can diverge sharply; that divergence is the first finding on /findings.

430 answers · Perplexity, AI Overviews, ChatGPT, Claude · question sets (fingerprints) 5ed18f79, d2375f12, 6d084be7 · generated 2026-09-21

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propertymeasured_atinstrumentanswersnamed_pctcited_pctquestion_set
ReferLabs2026-08-10Grounded, collected daily by a third-party feed (retired 12 Aug 2026; its engine list included Google AI Overviews, which our own rig does not probe)1470.7315ed18f790e1857b7
LuxurySaudi4U2026-07-21Ungrounded run, direct engine calls1480-d2375f127bf19719
Income Lab (this business)2026-08-18Grounded (web search on), our own daily collection1350.706d084be71d512d4f

Income Lab (Pepform Pty Ltd). "Named rate vs cited rate, per measurement". https://incomelab.me/data#named-vs-cited. Accessed 2026-09-21. Licensed CC BY 4.0.

Per-engine named rate on identical questions and dates

JSONCSV

The same frozen questions, the same day, each engine separately. Engines that search the web at answer time and engines answering from model knowledge disagree, often sharply; a single-engine screenshot is not a measurement.

430 answers · Perplexity, AI Overviews, ChatGPT, Claude · question sets (fingerprints) 5ed18f79, d2375f12, 6d084be7 · generated 2026-09-21

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propertymeasured_atengineanswersnamed_pctmodequestion_set
ReferLabs2026-07-21ChatGPT500ungrounded5ed18f790e1857b7
ReferLabs2026-07-21Claude500ungrounded5ed18f790e1857b7
ReferLabs2026-07-21Perplexity502ungrounded5ed18f790e1857b7
LuxurySaudi4U2026-07-21ChatGPT490ungroundedd2375f127bf19719
LuxurySaudi4U2026-07-21Claude490ungroundedd2375f127bf19719
LuxurySaudi4U2026-07-21Perplexity500ungroundedd2375f127bf19719
Income Lab (this business)2026-07-22ChatGPT490ungrounded6d084be71d512d4f
Income Lab (this business)2026-07-22Claude500ungrounded6d084be71d512d4f
Income Lab (this business)2026-07-22Perplexity500ungrounded6d084be71d512d4f
ReferLabs2026-08-08Perplexity300grounded5ed18f790e1857b7
ReferLabs2026-08-08ChatGPT300grounded5ed18f790e1857b7
ReferLabs2026-08-08AI Overviews273.7grounded5ed18f790e1857b7
ReferLabs2026-08-10Perplexity500grounded5ed18f790e1857b7
ReferLabs2026-08-10AI Overviews472.1grounded5ed18f790e1857b7
ReferLabs2026-08-10ChatGPT500grounded5ed18f790e1857b7
Income Lab (this business)2026-08-18ChatGPT500grounded6d084be71d512d4f
Income Lab (this business)2026-08-18Claude350grounded6d084be71d512d4f
Income Lab (this business)2026-08-18Perplexity502grounded6d084be71d512d4f

Income Lab (Pepform Pty Ltd). "Per-engine named rate on identical questions and dates". https://incomelab.me/data#cross-engine. Accessed 2026-09-21. Licensed CC BY 4.0.

Share-of-voice concentration in measured categories

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How concentrated the named brands are in each measured category: the leader's share of voice and the top-three share. Low concentration means no single named brand dominates the answers. It does not show whether the answers are held, because a topic can be owned by the websites the answers are built from rather than by any brand they name.

430 answers · Perplexity, AI Overviews, ChatGPT, Claude · question sets (fingerprints) 5ed18f79, d2375f12, 6d084be7 · generated 2026-09-21

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propertymeasured_atbrands_namedleader_sov_pcttop3_sov_pctquestion_set
ReferLabs2026-07-21123.49.45ed18f790e1857b7
LuxurySaudi4U2026-07-21125.714.1d2375f127bf19719
Income Lab (this business)2026-07-22125.514.76d084be71d512d4f
ReferLabs2026-08-08124.612.65ed18f790e1857b7
ReferLabs2026-08-10124.511.85ed18f790e1857b7
Income Lab (this business)2026-08-18127.721.46d084be71d512d4f

Income Lab (Pepform Pty Ltd). "Share-of-voice concentration in measured categories". https://incomelab.me/data#share-of-voice. Accessed 2026-09-21. Licensed CC BY 4.0.

Domains the engines cite, across our own daily collection

JSONCSV

Every source list attached to a graded answer on our own properties, counted by domain. 624 graded answers. This is the source layer: who the engines read when they explain a choice. Our own domains are named; every other source keeps its rank, counts, engines and dates but not its name, because publishing citation counts against a business that did not consent is not ours to do.

624 answers · Perplexity, AI Overviews, ChatGPT, Claude · question sets (fingerprints) 5ed18f79, d2375f12, 6d084be7 · generated 2026-09-21

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domainanswers_citingenginesfirst_seenlast_seen
third-party source 01196ChatGPT+Perplexity2026-08-172026-08-28
referlabs.com.au136ChatGPT+Claude+Perplexity2026-08-172026-08-28
third-party source 03118ChatGPT+Claude+Perplexity2026-08-172026-08-28
third-party source 0497ChatGPT+Claude+Perplexity2026-08-172026-08-28
third-party source 0595ChatGPT+Claude+Perplexity2026-08-172026-08-29
third-party source 0682ChatGPT+Claude+Perplexity2026-08-172026-08-28
third-party source 0767ChatGPT+Claude+Perplexity2026-08-172026-08-28
third-party source 0850Perplexity2026-08-172026-08-28
third-party source 0948ChatGPT+Claude+Perplexity2026-08-172026-08-29
third-party source 1047ChatGPT+Claude+Perplexity2026-08-172026-08-28
third-party source 1142ChatGPT+Claude+Perplexity2026-08-222026-08-28
third-party source 1242ChatGPT+Claude+Perplexity2026-08-222026-08-28
third-party source 1341ChatGPT+Claude+Perplexity2026-08-172026-08-28
third-party source 1440ChatGPT+Perplexity2026-08-172026-08-28
third-party source 1539ChatGPT+Claude+Perplexity2026-08-172026-08-29
third-party source 1638ChatGPT+Claude+Perplexity2026-08-172026-08-28
third-party source 1738Claude+Perplexity2026-08-172026-08-28
third-party source 1838ChatGPT+Perplexity2026-08-172026-08-28
third-party source 1935ChatGPT+Perplexity2026-08-172026-08-28
third-party source 2033ChatGPT+Perplexity2026-08-172026-08-28
third-party source 2133Claude+Perplexity2026-08-172026-08-28
third-party source 2231Claude+Perplexity2026-08-172026-08-28
third-party source 2331ChatGPT+Perplexity2026-08-172026-08-28
third-party source 2430ChatGPT+Claude+Perplexity2026-08-172026-08-28
third-party source 2530Claude+Perplexity2026-08-172026-08-28
third-party source 2629ChatGPT+Perplexity2026-08-172026-08-28
third-party source 2729ChatGPT+Claude+Perplexity2026-08-222026-08-28
third-party source 2828Claude+Perplexity2026-08-222026-08-28
third-party source 2926ChatGPT+Claude+Perplexity2026-08-222026-08-28
third-party source 3025ChatGPT+Claude+Perplexity2026-08-172026-08-28
third-party source 3124Claude+Perplexity2026-08-172026-08-28
third-party source 3224ChatGPT+Claude+Perplexity2026-08-222026-08-28
third-party source 3324ChatGPT+Claude+Perplexity2026-08-222026-08-28
third-party source 3423Claude+Perplexity2026-08-172026-08-28
third-party source 3523ChatGPT+Claude+Perplexity2026-08-172026-08-28
third-party source 3623Perplexity2026-08-172026-08-28
third-party source 3723Perplexity2026-08-222026-08-28
third-party source 3823ChatGPT+Claude+Perplexity2026-08-222026-08-28
third-party source 3922ChatGPT+Perplexity2026-08-172026-08-29
third-party source 4022ChatGPT+Claude+Perplexity2026-08-172026-08-28
third-party source 4122ChatGPT+Claude+Perplexity2026-08-172026-08-28
third-party source 4222ChatGPT+Claude+Perplexity2026-08-172026-08-28
third-party source 4322Claude+Perplexity2026-08-172026-08-28
third-party source 4422Perplexity2026-08-172026-08-28
third-party source 4522ChatGPT+Claude+Perplexity2026-08-222026-08-28
third-party source 4622Claude+Perplexity2026-08-222026-08-28
third-party source 4721ChatGPT+Perplexity2026-08-172026-08-28
third-party source 4820Claude+Perplexity2026-08-172026-08-28
third-party source 4920Claude+Perplexity2026-08-172026-08-28
third-party source 5020ChatGPT+Claude+Perplexity2026-08-222026-08-28
third-party source 5119ChatGPT+Claude+Perplexity2026-08-172026-08-28
third-party source 5219Perplexity2026-08-172026-08-28
third-party source 5319ChatGPT+Perplexity2026-08-222026-08-28
third-party source 5418Claude+Perplexity2026-08-172026-08-28
third-party source 5518Perplexity2026-08-172026-08-28
third-party source 5618Claude+Perplexity2026-08-222026-08-28
third-party source 5717ChatGPT+Claude+Perplexity2026-08-172026-08-28
third-party source 5817Claude+Perplexity2026-08-172026-08-28
third-party source 5917ChatGPT+Claude+Perplexity2026-08-172026-08-28
third-party source 6017Claude+Perplexity2026-08-172026-08-28

40 more rows in the JSON and CSV.

Income Lab (Pepform Pty Ltd). "Domains the engines cite, across our own daily collection". https://incomelab.me/data#cited-domains. Accessed 2026-09-21. Licensed CC BY 4.0.

Corrections

  1. This page said rows dated before 12 August 2026 came through a retired third-party feed. Only the rows dated 8 and 10 August 2026 did; the rows dated 21 and 22 July 2026 are our own engine calls without web search.